{"id":4555,"date":"2022-10-23T15:01:31","date_gmt":"2022-10-23T11:31:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/?p=4555"},"modified":"2022-10-23T15:01:33","modified_gmt":"2022-10-23T11:31:33","slug":"%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC\" >\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 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href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\" >\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-DBTL\" >\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp; (DBTL)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b3%d8%aa\/#%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-DBTL\" >\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp; (DBTL)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/polyurethane\" target=\"_blank\" data-schema-attribute=\"about\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u064f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 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\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc 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\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 &#8230; \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc 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\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 (Gelling) \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u06cc- \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u06cc-\u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a&nbsp;DBTL \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647 (Bowling) \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc (\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645):<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f CO<sub>2<\/sub> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u067e\u0627\u0631\u0686\u06af\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u067e\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0641\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u067e\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 NCO (\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a) \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc-\u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc NCO \u0648 OH (\u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0644) \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc H<sub>2<\/sub>O \u0648 NCO \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 R-N-C=O \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u062f\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0648\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 N=C \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632 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id=\"%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 N,N-\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u06a9\u0644\u0648\u0647\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u06cc 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id=\"%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c N\u060c N-\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 &#8230; \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 \u0622\u0632\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 2\u060c4\u060c6 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0632 3\u060c5-\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0648\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0648\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648 \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0641 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\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631<\/li><li>\u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u067e\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u062e\u062a<\/li><li>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/li><li>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0632\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li><li>\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AC\"><\/span><strong>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>TEDA\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a. TEDA \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0698\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DBTL\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u06a9 \u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0642\u0644\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u064f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0686\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <strong>\u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u062e \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u06cc-\u0641\u0644\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0646\u06af (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0646\u06af \u0632\u0631\u062f)\u060c \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B4%D8%B4%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong> <strong>\u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0646<\/li><li>\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647<\/li><li>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\" class=\"wp-image-4557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-6.png 376w, https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-6-367x244.png 367w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-DBTL\"><\/span><strong>\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; (DBTL)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 &nbsp;\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%D9%85%D8%B2%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-DBTL\"><\/span><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062a\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong>&nbsp; (DBTL)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u062e\u062a<\/li><li>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u064f\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0628<\/li><li>\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0634<\/li><li>\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u067e\u062e\u062a \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0645\u0631\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641: \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u06a9\u0631\u0631 \u2013 \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tri-iso.com\/polyurethane-catalysts.html#:~:text=Gelling%20catalysts%20are%20more%20selective,with%20water%20to%20produce%20foam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tri-iso.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/coatings.specialchem.com\/selection-guide\/catalyst-for-coatings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/coatings.specialchem.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.macromol.5b00384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/pubs.acs.org<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/chemicals.basf.com\/global\/en\/Intermediates\/Product_groups\/Polyurethane_catalysts.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/chemicals.basf.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.momentive.com\/en-us\/categories\/polyurethane-additives\/catalysts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.momentive.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1081\/CR-120027049\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/327247808_RESEARCH_PROGRESS_OF_AMINE_CATALYSTS_FOR_POLYURETHANE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/vestachem.com\/chemical-category\/amine-catalysts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/vestachem.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.petrochemistry.eu\/sector-group\/polyurethane-amines-catalysts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.petrochemistry.eu<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/BF02697963\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/link.springer.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pcimag.com\/articles\/92748-new-watersoluble-catalyst-for-twocomponent-waterborne-polyurethane-coatings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.pcimag.com<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.borchers.com\/product\/dibutyltin-dilaurate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.borchers.com<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u064f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0628 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u067e\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[120,2],"tags":[474,580,473,579],"class_list":["post-4555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nonews","category-polyurethane","tag-474","tag-580","tag-473","tag-579"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/catalist-1140x445.jpg",1140,445,true],"list":["https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/catalist-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/catalist-300x94.jpg",300,94,true],"full":["https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/catalist.jpg",1920,600,false]},"fimg_url":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/catalist.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4555"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4555\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4560,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4555\/revisions\/4560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4555"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mokarrargroup.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}